On November 11, 1919, President Woodrow Wilson formally proclaimed the first observance of Armistice Day — marking the first anniversary of the armistice that ended World War I at the “eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month” in 1918.
Wilson’s proclamation recognized not only the cessation of war but also a broader moment of national reflection:
To us in America the reflections of Armistice Day will be filled with solemn pride in the heroism of those who died in the country’s service and with gratitude for the victory…
This declaration transformed November 11 into a day of remembrance for the United States. The war’s millions of combatants and the millions more civilians who had supported the war effort were now to be honored, and their sacrifices acknowledged. At 11 a.m. that day, the time when the armistice took effect, the nation observed a pause in business, flags were flown, and ceremonies and parades marked the occasion.
In issuing the proclamation, Wilson linked the end of combat to a hopeful vision for the nation’s role in the world. He framed the victory not just as an American triumph, but as an opportunity for the United States to demonstrate “sympathy with peace and justice in the councils of the nations.”
Though the immediate occasion was the armistice, the proclamation planted the seeds for what would become a broader recognition of veterans’ service. Initially, Armistice Day was meant to honor those who served in World War I, but over time, the scope of observance expanded. By 1938, November 11 had become a federal holiday dedicated to peace and remembrance, and following the subsequent major conflicts of the mid-20th century, the observance evolved into Veterans Day — a day to honor all American veterans.
