Dear Angry: Foreign companies don’t pay into the U.S. Social Security system, and neither do residents of other countries working in their home country. But a resident of a foreign country who earns a pension in their home country and who later moves to the U.S. and earns an additional U.S. Social Security pension will have their U.S. Social Security benefit reduced by a provision of U.S. law called the Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP). WEP was enacted by Congress in 1983 to eliminate what was viewed as “double-dipping” – where someone with an extra pension (such as your Barbados pension earned without contributing to U.S. Social Security) had their U.S. Social Security (S.S.) benefit computed in the same way as a U.S. resident who had no such extra “non-covered” pension. The 1983 WEP rule created a special formula for those entitled to both a U.S. Social Security benefit (earned by contributing to the U.S. program) and another pension earned without contributing to Social Security.
Though you are adamant that one has nothing to do with the other, U.S. law says otherwise. WEP reduces the U.S. Social Security benefit of anyone with a “non-covered” (e.g., foreign) pension so that their U.S. Social Security benefit is more consistent with benefits provided to others without an extra non-covered pension. U.S. Social Security is designed to provide a higher percentage of replacement income to lower-income workers, and those with an extra non-covered pension enjoy an unfair advantage because their income artificially appears lower than it truly is. WEP was implemented by Congress to correct that unfair advantage. However, like you, almost everyone affected by WEP (which, by the way, includes many public service employees in 27 U.S. states) believes it to be unfair and often complains about it to their Congressional Representatives.
For information, there is a legislative bill now before Congress which proposes to eliminate WEP (H.R. 82 – The Social Security Fairness Act of 2021). I must, however, let you know that a bill to either eliminate or reform WEP has been introduced in nearly every Congress for many years, and no previous bill has ever made it past being introduced on the floor of the House or Senate and then assigned to a committee for review, where progress seems to end.
Although you want your money back, I’m afraid I can’t offer you much hope that will ever happen. Congress is more focused on other issues, including a much broader reform of the Social Security program to restore it to financial solvency before the S.S. Trust Fund is depleted in 2034 (which would require an across the board 21% reduction in all benefits). Whether WEP reform will be part of the corrective measures taken to restore Social Security’s finances is anybody’s guess. But registering your objection to the Windfall Elimination Provision with your Congressional Representative would be a step in that direction.
This article is intended for information purposes only and does not represent legal or financial guidance. It presents the opinions and interpretations of the AMAC Foundation’s staff, trained and accredited by the National Social Security Association (NSSA). NSSA and the AMAC Foundation, and its staff are not affiliated with or endorsed by the Social Security Administration or any other governmental entity. To submit a question, visit our website (amacfoundation.org/programs/social-security-advisory) or email us at [email protected].